“见肝之病,知肝传脾”思想在抑郁症防治中的运用

“见肝之病,知肝传脾”思想体现着肝脾之间气机相调、营血互养的密切关系,同时也蕴含着脏腑间的相互关系和疾病的传变规律,对指导“治未病”具有重要意义。抑郁症患者中医病位要素多责于肝、脾两脏,通过运用“见肝之病,知肝传脾”这一“治未病”思想,结合状态医学理论,从未病先防、欲病救萌、既病防变、瘥后防复四个方面探讨抑郁症的防治,为医者提供疾病防治的理论参考,进一步提高抑郁症的中医药防治水平。     

Effect of multichannel transcranial direct current stimulation to reduce hypertonia in individuals with prolonged disorders of consciousness: A randomized controlled pilot study

BackgroundSpasticity management in severely brain-injured patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) is a major challenge because it leads to complications and severe pain that can seriously affect quality of life.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the feasibility of a single session of transcranial direct current stimulations (tDCS) to reduce spasticity in chronic patients with DOC.MethodsWe enrolled 14 patients in this double-blind, sham-controlled randomized crossover pilot study. Two cathodes were placed over the left and right primary motor cortex and 2 anodes over the left and right prefrontal cortex. Hypertonia of the upper limbs and level of consciousness were assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). Resting state electroencephalography was also performed.ResultsAt the group level, spasticity was reduced in only finger flexors. Four responders (29%) showed reduced hypertonicity in at least 2 joints after active but not sham stimulation. We found no behavioural changes by the CRS-R total score. At the group level, connectivity values in beta2 were higher with active versus sham stimulation. Relative power in the theta band and connectivity in the beta band were higher for responders than non-responders after the active stimulation.ConclusionThis pilot study highlights the potential benefit of using tDCS for reducing upper-limb hypertonia in patients with chronic DOC. Large-sample clinical trials are needed to optimize and validate the technique.     

Subthalamic dynamic neural states correlate with motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

ObjectiveThis study aims to discriminate the dynamic synchronization states from the subthalamic local field potentials and investigate their correlations with the motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease (PD).MethodsThe resting-state local field potentials of 10 patients with PD were recorded from the subthalamic nucleus. The dynamic neural states of multiple oscillations were discriminated and analyzed. The Spearman correlation was used to investigate the correlations between occurrence rate or duration of dynamic neural states and the severity of motor symptoms.ResultsThe proportion of long low-beta and theta synchronized state was significantly correlated with the general motor symptom and tremor, respectively. The duration of combined low/high-beta state was significantly correlated with rigidity, and the duration of combined alpha/high-beta state was significantly correlated with bradykinesia.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that motor symptoms are associated with the neural states coded with multiple oscillations in PD.SignificanceThis study may advance the understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms of the motor symptoms and provide potential biomarkers for closed-loop deep brain stimulation in PD.     

优质护理在门诊手术室护理中的应用效果

目的评价门诊手术室护理工作中优质护理干预对患者的积极影响。方法选择医院门诊收治的患者,总计120例。结合手术期间护理方法,进行手术患者随机分组护理。对照组60例患者行手术常规护理,试验组60例患者配合优质护理干预,比较对照组与试验组手术患者经不同护理方案干预后组间护理满意度、情绪评分、护理质量评分。结果试验组手术患者的护理总满意度以及护理质量评分均明显高于对照组患者,护理干预后负性情绪评分明显低于对照组患者,观察指标占比率、指标评分均值差异均具有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论手术患者心理负担较重,从而增加了手术应激反应,影响手术顺利与效果。手术期间配合优质护理干预可以在稳定患者情绪的同时提高患者安全性,进而促进手术预后。     

Ischemic stroke in Morocco: Prehospital delay and associated factors

ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate prehospital delay and to identify the factors associated with the late arrival of patients with ischemic stroke at the Souss Massa Regional Hospital Center in Morocco.Patients and methodsAn observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to September 2019 in the Souss Massa regional hospital center, which is a public hospital structure. A questionnaire was administered to patients with ischemic stroke and to bystanders (family or others), while clinical and paraclinical data were collected from medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with delayed arrival at emergency department.ResultsA total of 197 patients and 197 bystanders who fulfilled the criteria for the study were included. The median time from symptom onset to hospital arrival was 6 hours (IQR, 4–16). Multiple regression analysis showed that illiteracy (OR 38.58; CI_95%: 3.40–437.27), waiting for symptoms to disappear (patient behavior) (OR 11.24; CI_95%: 1.57–80.45), deciding to go directly to the hospital (patient behavior) (OR 0.07; CI_95%: 0.01–0.57), bystander's knowledge that stroke is a disease requiring urgent care within a limited therapeutic window (OR 0.005; CI_95%: 0.00–0.36), and direct admission without reference (OR 0.005; CI_95%: 0.00–0.07), were independently associated with late arrival (> 4.5 hours) of patients with acute ischemic stroke. In addition, illiteracy (OR 24.62; CI_95%: 4.37–138.69), vertigo and disturbance of balance or coordination (OR 0.14; CI_95%: 0.03–0.73), the relative's knowledge that stroke is a disease requiring urgent care and within a limited therapeutic window (OR 0.03; CI_95%: 0.00–0.22), calling for an ambulance (relative's behavior) (OR 0.16; CI_95%: 0.03–0.80), distance between 50 and 100 km (OR 10.16; CI_95%: 1.16–89.33), and direct admission without reference (OR 0.03; CI_95%: 0.00–0.14), were independently associated with late arrival (> 6 hours) of patients with acute ischemic stroke.ConclusionPatient behavior, bystander knowledge and direct admission to the competent hospital for stroke care are modifiable factors potentially useful for reducing onset-to-door time, and thereby increasing the implementation rates of acute stroke therapies.     

独活寄生汤治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果

目的：探讨独活寄生汤对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（OVCF）患者高迁移率族蛋白-1（HMGB-1）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）的影响。方法：选取2015年4月至2016年9月广州中医药大学第二附属医院收治的OVCF患者92例作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组，每组46例。2组均行经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗，对照组给予常规处理，观察组在此基础上加用独活寄生汤，2组均治疗2周。比较2组术后2周的骨折愈合情况、股骨颈骨密度及日本骨科协会腰痛评价表（JOA）评分，术前、术后3 d的炎性反应递质水平，术后1、3、7 d的疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）。结果：与术前比较，术后2周，2组伤椎前缘高度、股骨颈骨密度及JOA评分均升高，且观察组高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组伤椎楔变角及后凸Cobb角均降低，且观察组低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；术后3 d，2组血清TNF-α、CRP、PCT及HMGB-1水平均升高，且观察组低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与术后1 d比较，术后3、7 d，2组VAS评分均降低，且观察组低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：采用独活寄生汤治疗OVCF，可降低患者炎性反应递质水平，减轻疼痛，并可改善患者骨质疏松症状，促进骨折愈合，疗效显著。     

李延应用泽泻汤合温胆汤治疗舒张压高的临床经验

随着社会的发展,人类生活方式的改变,高血压病越来越高发,具有低龄化趋势,代谢综合征常伴随发生,此种情况下的高血压往往是以舒张压升高为主,临床表现常与“亚健康”状态混淆,未能引起患者甚至部分医生的重视,然而事实上越来越多的科学研究证实舒张压高之危害十分明显,不容忽视。尽管现代医学对舒张压高的病因及病理机制有明确的阐述,但是暂时没有特效的药物。李延教授在治疗高血压病方面有着丰富的临床经验,临床中运用泽泻汤合温胆汤加减治疗舒张压高之眩晕,切中病机,加减灵活,屡有良效。文中从中医角度阐述舒张压高的病因病机,介绍李师辨病辨证思路,组方用药特点,附三则典型验案,另加个人心得体会,以期为舒张压高的有效治疗提供思路。     

探讨中西医护理改善老年高血压患者生活质量的效果

目的探讨中西医结合护理改善老年高血压患者心理状态及生活质量的效果。方法在医院2018年1月—2018年6月就诊的老年高血压患者中选出60例,按照随机数字法的原则,分成研究组(n=30)和参考组(n=30)。参考组采用单一西医护理,研究组在此之外联合中医护理,比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果入院时研究组与参考组SAS、SDS、SF-6评分差异不显著(P>0.05),护理后1月、3月与参考组相比,研究组SAS、SDS评分显著降低(P<0.05),SF-6评分显著升高(P<0.05);研究组患者对中西结合护理满意度为96.67%,参考组患者对西医护理满意度为73.33%,研究组满意度较参考组高,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论中西医结合护理能够有效改善老年高血压患者的心理状态,提高生活质量。     

Excess salt intake promotes M1 microglia polarization via a p38/MAPK/AR-dependent pathway after cerebral ischemia in mice

A high salt diet (HSD) is among the most important risk factors for many diseases. One mechanism by which HSD aggravates cerebral ischemic injury is independent of blood pressure changes. The direct role of HSD in inflammation after cerebral ischemia is unclear. In this research, after twenty-one days of being fed a high salt diet, permanent focal ischemia was induced in mice via operation. At 12 h and 1, 3 and 5 days postischemia, the effects of HSD on the lesion volume, microglia polarization, aldose reductase (AR) expression, and inflammatory processes were analyzed. We report that in mice, surplus dietary salt promotes inflammation and increases the activation of classical lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia/macrophages (M1). This effect depends on the expression of the AR protein in activated microglia after permanent middle cerebral artery ligation (pMCAL) in HSD mice. The administration of either the AR inhibitor Epalrestat or a p38-neutralizing antibody blocked the polarization of microglia and alleviated stroke injury.In conclusion, HSD promotes polarization in pro-inflammatory M1 microglia by upregulating the expression of the AR protein via p38/MAPK, thereby exacerbating the development of ischemia stroke.